Content (Syllabus outline)

The material covered in this course is chronologically very extensive (from the end of the sixth century to the present) and conceptually diverse (i.e., Slovenian language history, establishment of the common Slovenian standard language, development and modern state of Slovenian dialects), and therefore it is divided into several specific thematic sections:

Introduction:

• Various methodological approaches to studying language, its development, and modern dialects are presented in addition to the basic achievements of (Slovenian) linguistics in this area, and the inclusion of studies on Slovenian in international geolinguistic studies (especially the Slavic and European Linguistic Atlases).
  Overview of the history of Slovenian (the development of Slovenian from the final phase of Proto-Slavic (10th century) to modern dialects and standard language (with linguistic analysis of historical documents, written in Slovenian language) is presented.

Development of standard Slovenian:

• Dialect bases for the establishment of standard Slovenian in the sixteenth century
• Stabilization of the (central) standard norm in the middle of the nineteenth century
• Further existence of regional versions of the standard (Slovenian) language

Classification of Slovenian dialects:

• Division of Slovenian into dialect groups, dialects, and subdialects (criteria and terminology)
• Basic characteristics of individual dialect groups, using authentic dialect texts for confirmation

Dialect differentiation in terms of functional genres:

• Everyday practical communication genre
• Artistic prose and verse in literary folklore
• Technical genre with dialect terminology
• Journalistic texts
• dialect onomasiology

Contemporary dialectology issues:

• Existence of traditional dialects
• Emergence of spoken differences between dialect and informal standard language with different degrees of approximation to one system or another

In addition to the main coordinator, visiting professors will be able to teach this course as well, especially associates of the ZRC SAZU Fran Ramovš Institute of the Slovenian Language.

Seminar classes

• Seminar classes accompany the lectures and complement them by exploring individual chapters covered by the course syllabus. The main objective is to provide the opportunity for the student to conduct further research on any of the presented topics and/or accommodate it to his/her individual research interests (the seminar paper can also be a component part of the doctoral thesis).
• Students will independently record and write dialect texts, analyze them from synchronous and diachronic points of view and determine the acceptance of non-dialect and foreign language elements and the reasons for this. In the course of the seminar work, students can also choose another topic from the field of dialectological research of the Slovene language: they can research field and house names (microtoponyms), which also show the cultural history of the area under study, various linguistic contacts, etc., or historical documents written in Slovene language (i.e. topics from the field of historical dialectology).

Cross-curricular integration

• The course is closely connected to a number of other disciplines, be it within linguistics or, more generally, humanities (e.g. ethnology, history, archaeology).

Readings

• Logar, Tine (1993): Slovenska narečja: Besedila. Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga (Zbirka Cicero).
• (1996): Dialektološke in jezikovnozgodovinske razprave. (Ur. Karmen Kenda-Jež), Ljubljana: ZRC SAZU.
• Klinar, Klemen, Škofic, Jožica, Šekli, Matej, Piko-Rustia, Martina (2012): Metode zbiranja hišnih in ledinskih imen: projekt FLU-LED v okviru Operativnega programa Slovenija–Avstrija 2007–2013. Jesenice, Gornjesavski muzej.
• Orožen, Martina (1996): Oblikovanje enotnega slovenskega knjižnega jezika v 19. stoletju. Ljubljana: FF.
• Orožen, Martina (1996): Poglavja iz zgodovine slovenskega knjižnega jezika (od Brižinskih spomenikov do Kopitarja. Ljubljana: FF.
• Ramovš, Fran (1935): Historična gramatika slovenskega jezika VII: Dialekti. Ljubljana.
• Ramovš, Fran (1936): Kratka zgodovina slovenskega jezika I. Ljubljana.
• Rigler, Jakob (2001): Zbrani spisi 1: Jezikovnozgodovinske in dialektološke razprave. (Ur. Vera Smole), Ljubljana: Založba ZRC.
• Škofic, Jožica (ur.) (2011), Slovenski lingvistični atlas. 1, Človek (telo, bolezni, družina). 1. Atlas: [(= SLA 1.1)], 2. Komentarji: [(= SLA 1.2)], (Zbirka Jezikovni atlasi). Ljubljana: Založba ZRC, ZRC SAZU.
• Greenberg, Marc L. (2000): A Historical Phonology of the Slovene Language. Heidelberg.
• Hafner, Stanislaus, Prunč, Erich (ur.) (1982): Thesaurus der slowenischen Volkssprache in Kaernten 1: A- bis B-. Wien.
• Jakop, Tjaša (2008): Dvojina v slovenskih narečjih, (Zbirka Linguistica et philologica, 21). Ljubljana: Založba ZRC, ZRC SAZU.
• Kenda-Jež, Karmen, Smole, Vera (1996): Dosedanje delo in bližnji načrti Mednarodne komisije za sestavo Slovanskega lingvističnega atlasa (OLA). Slavistična revija 44, št. 1, str. 94–105, Ljubljana.
• Karničar, Ludwig (1990): Der Obir-Dialekt in Kaernten. Wien.
• Kenda-Jež, Karmen, Gliha Komac, Nataša (2007): Shranili smo jih v bančah: slovarski prispevek k poznavanju oblačilne kulture v Kanalski dolini = contributo lessicale alla conoscenza dell’abbigliamento in Val Canale. Ukve: S.K.S. Planika Kanalska dolina; [s. l.]: Slori: ATS Od me-je; Ljubljana: Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU: = Istituto per la lingua slovena “Fran Ramovš” CRS ASSA.
• Koletnik, Mihaela (2001): Slovenskogoriško narečje. Maribor: Slavistično društvo, Zora 12.
• Koletnik, Mihaela (2008): Panonsko lončarsko in kmetijsko izrazje ter druge dialektološke razprave, (Mednarodna knjižna zbirka Zora, 60). Maribor: Mednarodna založba Oddelka za slovanske jezike in književnosti, Filozofska fakulteta.
• Logar, Tine (1981): Izhodiščni splošnoslovenski fonološki sistem. Fonološki opisi srpskohrvatskih /hrvatskosrpskih, slovenačkih i makedonskih govora, obuhvačenih opšteslovenskim lingvističkim atlasom. Sarajevo: ANU BiH, 29–33. (Ponovno objavljeno v: Dialektološke in jezikovnozgodovinske razprave, ur. Karmen KENDA-JEŽ. Ljubljana: ZRC SAZU, ISJ FR, 1996, 243–247.)
• Novak, Franc (1996): Slovar beltinskega prekmurskega govora. Drugo, popravljeno in dopolnjeno izdajo priredil in uredil Vilko Novak, Murska Sobota: Pomurska založba.
• Merše, Majda, Jakopin, Franc, Novak, France (1992): Fonološki sistem knjižnega jezika slovenskih protestantov. Slavistična revija 40, št. 1–2, Ljubljana.
• Orožen, Martina (1988): Narečje in knjižni jezik. Seminar slovenskega jezika, literature in kulture: Zbornik predavanj 24, Ljubljana: Filozofska fakulteta, str. 5–17.
• Orožen, Martina (1990): Konzonantski sklopi v slovenskem jeziku. Zbornik Matice srpske za filologiju i lingvistiku 33, Novi Sad, str. 345–350.
• Orožen, Martina (1994): Odvisnost narečnega besedišča in načina upovedovanja (izražanja) od spreminjajočega se načina življenja. Naš živi jezik = Traditiones: Zbornik Inštituta za slovensko narodopisje 23, str. 79–86.
• Orožen, Martina (2000), Raziskovanje zgodovinskega razvoja slovenskega knjižnega jezika: pogled v čas in prostor našega samozavedanja in uzaveščanja, Zbornik SDS 10: Slovensko jezikoslovje danes in jutri, Ljubljana: SDS, str. 142–154.
• Ramovš, Fran (1924): Historična gramatika slovenskega jezika II: Konzonantizem. Ljubljana.
• Ramovš, Fran (1952): Morfologija slovenskega jezika: Skripta, prirejena po predavanjih prof. Fr. Ramovša v l. 1947/48, 48/49. Ljubljana.
• Rigler, Jakob (1963): Južnonotranjski govori. Ljubljana: SAZU.
• Rigler, Jakob (1968): Začetki slovenskega knjižnega jezika. Ljubljana: SAZU.
• Smole, Vera (2000): Uvod v slovensko dialektologijo. Ljubljana: Filozofska fakulteta (Skripta).
• Smole, Vera (2002): Vokalizem, naglas, konzonantizem. Ljubljana: Filozofska fakulteta (Skripta).
• Steenwijk, Han (1992): The Slovene Dialect of Resia: San Giorgio. Amsterdam – Atlanta.
• Šekli, Matej (2004), Jezik, knjižni jezik, pokrajinski oz. krajevni knjižni jezik: genetskojezikoslovni in družbenojezikovni pristop k členjenju jezikovne stvarnosti: (na primeru slovenščine). V: Aktualizacija jezikovnozvrstne teorije na Slovenskem: členitev jezikovne resničnosti, (Obdobja, Metode in zvrsti, 22). Ljubljana: Center za slovenščino kot drugi/tuji jezik pri Oddelku za slovenistiko Filozofske fakultete, str. 41–58.
• Šekli, Matej (2008): Zemljepisna in osebna lastna imena v kraju Livek in njegovi okolici. (Linguistica et philologica, 22). Ljubljana, Založba ZRC, ZRC SAZU.
• Šivic-Dular, Alenka (1988): Temeljna načela pri pisanju slovenskih zemljepisnih imen. Jezik in slovstvo, XXXIV/1–2, 3–14.
• Škofic, Jožica (2001): Govorica jih izdaja: Skica govora kovaške Krope. Kropa: Tomco.
• Tominec, Ivan (1964): Črnovrški dialekt: Kratka monografija in slovar, Ljubljana: SAZU.
• Weiss, Peter (1998): Slovar govorov Zadrečke doline med Gornjim Gradom in Nazarjami: Poskusni zvezek (A–H). Ljubljana: ZRC SAZU (zbirka Slovarji).
• Zorko, Zinka (1995): Narečna podoba Dravske doline, Maribor: Kulturni forum.
• Zorko, Zinka (1998): Haloško narečje in druge dialektološke študije. Maribor: Slavistično društvo, Zora 6.
• Zorko, Zinka, Koletnik, Mihaela (ur.) (1999): Logarjev zbornik: Referati s 1. mednarodnega dialektološkega simpozija v Mariboru. Maribor: Slavistično društvo, Zora 8.

Objectives and competences

Students learn about the development of Slovenian and its gradual differentiation into dialects, the language-internal and language-external reasons for this, the subsequent problems in development of a common standard language, and the existence of (historical) regional versions of standard Slovenian. They familiarize themselves with modern classification of Slovenian dialects, their basic features at all linguistic levels (with a special emphasis on phonology and vocabulary), and various development phases as the basis for reconstructing the history of Slovenian and Slavic languages as well as the nation’s history in general. Dialects are also discussed in terms of social genres with attention being drawn to linguistic differences between dialects (and regional subdialects) versus the common colloquial and standard form. Students learn that, for most Slovenians, dialects (and regional versions of colloquial language) are their primary native language, on the basis of which an awareness of linguistic, cultural, and national affiliation can also be built.

Intended learning outcomes

Students learn methods for recording and analyzing dialect material on the synchronous and diachronic levels. They receive a systematic view of language and its social and functional genres. They will understand how to choose the appropriate language code for each language situation – even if the researcher does not influence the language / speech of the dialect informant. They will be able to apply the acquired knowledge in the analysis of recorded dialect texts (general or professional communication, literature, folklore texts and proper names), both modern and historical documents.

Students use the knowledge acquired in the course to write a piece of academic writing that can serve as a draft of a dissertation chapter or a research article.

Assessment

Long written assignment (60 %), presentation (20 %), final examination (written/oral) (20 %).